Factors Affecting Land Use Decisions in The Peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador: A Transaction Costs Approach
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Publicado
abr 29, 2017
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Resumen
Water scarcity has been appointed as the key-limiting factor for the development of agriculture in the Peninsula of Santa Elena. To solve this problem, the Ecuadorian government carried out the construction of one of the biggest irrigation projects. However, after two decades of functioning, less than 30% of its capacity is being used. This article analyzes factors associated to Transaction Costs (CT), which can influence land use decisions. Options studied are: to invest in agriculture or livestock production, or to speculate with its value through land sales. The landowner’s decision problem is analyzed following the Heckman’s two-stage estimation procedure, which allows differentiating between factors associated to fixed and variable TC. The hypothesis is that factors related to fixed-TC influence the decision to participate (that is, the decision to use the land productively or speculatively, which is modeled in the first stage of Heckman’s); while both, factors associated to fixed and variable TC, influence the level of participation (that is, decisions about land allocation to one or each decision option, modeled in the second stage). The results show that access to assets and access to information are among the more influential TC factors, which favor agricultural production instead of land speculation.
Palabras clave
Transaction costs, Heckman’s two-stage estimation procedure
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Citas
ALENE, A., V. MANYONG, G. OMANYA, H. MIGNOUNA, M. BOKANGA and G.ODHIAMBO (2008): Smallholder market participation under transactions costs: Maize supply and fertilizer demand in Kenya. In: Food Policy 33 (4): 318-328.
DE JANVRY, A., FAFCHAMPS, M. & SADOULET, E., (1991). Peasant household behavior with missing markets: some paradoxes explained, The Economic Journal, Vol. 101, November, pp. 1400-1417.
ESCOBAL, J., (2000). Transaction Costs in the Peruvian Agriculture: a first approximation to its measure and impact, GRADE, Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo, Lima, Peru.
GOETZ, S., (1992). A selectivity model of household food marketing behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 74, May, pp. 444-452.
HERRERA P., VAN HUYLENBROECK G., ESPINEL R. (2004). An Application of the Contingent Valuation Method to Asses the Efficinecy of the Institutional Structure of Irrigation Property Rights: The Case of the Peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. International Journal of Water Resources Development, Vol. 20 No. 4.
HERRERA P. (2005). Institutional Economic Assesment of the governance of Irrigated Agriculture: The Case of the peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Doctoral Dissertation. Gent University, Belgium.
HERRERA P., VAN HUYLENBROECK G., ESPINEL R. (2006). Asymetric Information on the Provision of Irrigation through a Public Infrastructure: The case of the Peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Journal of Water Resources Management. Vol 20, Issue 3, pp 431-447.
HERRERA P., ESPINEL R. (2008). Acumulación perversa: Comuneros, agua y tierra en la Península Santa Elena. In: Reforma Agraria en el Ecuador: nuevos temas, viejos argumentos. Quito, SIPAE.
KEY, N., SADOULET, E., & DE JANVRY, A., (2000). Transaction costs and agricultural household supply response, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, May, pp. 245-259.
KHERALLAH, M. and J.F. KIRSTEN (2002): The new institutional economics: applications for agricultural policy research in developing countries. In: Agrekon 41 (2): 111-134.
KYEYAMWA, H., S. SPEELMAN, G. VAN HUYLENBROECK, J. OPUDA-ASIBO and W. VERBEKE (2008): Raising offtake from cattle grazed on natural rangelands in sub-Saharan Africa: a transaction cost economics approach. In: Agricultural Economics 39 (1): 63-72.
MAKHURA, M., (2001). Overcoming transaction costs barriers to market participation of smallholder farmers in the northern province of South Africa, Doctoral dissertation at the Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
MALTSOGLOU, I. and A. TANYERI-ABUR (2005): Transaction costs, institutions and small-holder market integration: Potato producers in Peru. ESA Working Paper, (05-04). FAO.
MASTEN, S.E. (2001): Transaction-cost economics and the organization of agricultural transactions. In: Advances in Applied Microeconomics 9: 173-195.
MERAMVELIOTAKIS G, and MILONAKIS, D (2010). Surveying the Transaction Cost Foundations of New Institutional Economics: A Critical Inquiry. Journal of Economic, Vol 44. No. 4, pp 1045-1071.
OMAMO, S., (1998). Transport costs and smallholder cropping choices: an application to Siaya District, Kenya, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 80, Feb., pp. 116-123.
OUMA, E., J. JAGWE, G.A. OBARE and S. ABELE (2010): Determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in banana markets in Central Africa: the role of transaction costs. In: Agricultural Economics 41 (2): 111-122.
RUJIS, A., C. SCHWEIGMAN and C. LUTZ (2004): The impact of transport-and transaction-cost reductions on food markets in developing countries: evidence for tempered expectations for Burkina Faso. In: Agricultural Economics 31 (2-3): 219-228.
SOMDA, J., E. TOLLENS and M. KAMUANGA (2005): Transaction costs and the marketable surplus of milk in smallholder farming systems of The Gambia. In: Outlook on Agriculture 34 (3): 189-195.
STIFEL, D.C., B. MINTEN and P. DOROSH (2003): Transactions Costs and Agricultural Productivity: Implications of Isolation for Rural Poverty in Madagascar. IFPRI MSSD Discussion Paper 56. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
STRAUSS, J., (1984). Marketed surpluses of agricultural households in Sierra Leone, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 66, August, pp. 321-331.
WILLIAMSON, O., (1979). Transaction costs economics: the governance of contractual relations, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 22 October, pp. 233-261.
WILLIAMSON, O., (1996). The Mechanisms of Governance, Oxford University Press.
DE JANVRY, A., FAFCHAMPS, M. & SADOULET, E., (1991). Peasant household behavior with missing markets: some paradoxes explained, The Economic Journal, Vol. 101, November, pp. 1400-1417.
ESCOBAL, J., (2000). Transaction Costs in the Peruvian Agriculture: a first approximation to its measure and impact, GRADE, Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo, Lima, Peru.
GOETZ, S., (1992). A selectivity model of household food marketing behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 74, May, pp. 444-452.
HERRERA P., VAN HUYLENBROECK G., ESPINEL R. (2004). An Application of the Contingent Valuation Method to Asses the Efficinecy of the Institutional Structure of Irrigation Property Rights: The Case of the Peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. International Journal of Water Resources Development, Vol. 20 No. 4.
HERRERA P. (2005). Institutional Economic Assesment of the governance of Irrigated Agriculture: The Case of the peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Doctoral Dissertation. Gent University, Belgium.
HERRERA P., VAN HUYLENBROECK G., ESPINEL R. (2006). Asymetric Information on the Provision of Irrigation through a Public Infrastructure: The case of the Peninsula of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Journal of Water Resources Management. Vol 20, Issue 3, pp 431-447.
HERRERA P., ESPINEL R. (2008). Acumulación perversa: Comuneros, agua y tierra en la Península Santa Elena. In: Reforma Agraria en el Ecuador: nuevos temas, viejos argumentos. Quito, SIPAE.
KEY, N., SADOULET, E., & DE JANVRY, A., (2000). Transaction costs and agricultural household supply response, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 82, May, pp. 245-259.
KHERALLAH, M. and J.F. KIRSTEN (2002): The new institutional economics: applications for agricultural policy research in developing countries. In: Agrekon 41 (2): 111-134.
KYEYAMWA, H., S. SPEELMAN, G. VAN HUYLENBROECK, J. OPUDA-ASIBO and W. VERBEKE (2008): Raising offtake from cattle grazed on natural rangelands in sub-Saharan Africa: a transaction cost economics approach. In: Agricultural Economics 39 (1): 63-72.
MAKHURA, M., (2001). Overcoming transaction costs barriers to market participation of smallholder farmers in the northern province of South Africa, Doctoral dissertation at the Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria
MALTSOGLOU, I. and A. TANYERI-ABUR (2005): Transaction costs, institutions and small-holder market integration: Potato producers in Peru. ESA Working Paper, (05-04). FAO.
MASTEN, S.E. (2001): Transaction-cost economics and the organization of agricultural transactions. In: Advances in Applied Microeconomics 9: 173-195.
MERAMVELIOTAKIS G, and MILONAKIS, D (2010). Surveying the Transaction Cost Foundations of New Institutional Economics: A Critical Inquiry. Journal of Economic, Vol 44. No. 4, pp 1045-1071.
OMAMO, S., (1998). Transport costs and smallholder cropping choices: an application to Siaya District, Kenya, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 80, Feb., pp. 116-123.
OUMA, E., J. JAGWE, G.A. OBARE and S. ABELE (2010): Determinants of smallholder farmers’ participation in banana markets in Central Africa: the role of transaction costs. In: Agricultural Economics 41 (2): 111-122.
RUJIS, A., C. SCHWEIGMAN and C. LUTZ (2004): The impact of transport-and transaction-cost reductions on food markets in developing countries: evidence for tempered expectations for Burkina Faso. In: Agricultural Economics 31 (2-3): 219-228.
SOMDA, J., E. TOLLENS and M. KAMUANGA (2005): Transaction costs and the marketable surplus of milk in smallholder farming systems of The Gambia. In: Outlook on Agriculture 34 (3): 189-195.
STIFEL, D.C., B. MINTEN and P. DOROSH (2003): Transactions Costs and Agricultural Productivity: Implications of Isolation for Rural Poverty in Madagascar. IFPRI MSSD Discussion Paper 56. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
STRAUSS, J., (1984). Marketed surpluses of agricultural households in Sierra Leone, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 66, August, pp. 321-331.
WILLIAMSON, O., (1979). Transaction costs economics: the governance of contractual relations, Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 22 October, pp. 233-261.
WILLIAMSON, O., (1996). The Mechanisms of Governance, Oxford University Press.