Demand Functions for Condoms in Female Sexual Workers and Men who have sex with Men in India
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Publicado
dic 22, 2016
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Resumen
This study explores the determinants of both the decision to purchase condoms and the actual demand for two samples of female sexual workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) in India. Through the datasets collected by the Frontiers Prevention Project we obtained information for several cities where intervention programs were administered and for others that were taken as controls. As the free distribution of condoms is not random, we use a Heckman selection process for each sample. This strategy serves to evaluate public interventions based on free supply of condoms and promotion of HIV testing. On sexual workers it is found that the number of paying clients determines demand, but no significant effect is found from the number of condoms received for free. On men who have sex with men, in turn, the number of condoms received for free determines greater purchase.
Palabras clave
Selection bias, Heckman selection model, policy, HIV / AIDS.
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Citas
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BLANKENSHIP, Kim M., Brooke S. WEST, Trace S. KERSHAW, and Monica R. BIRADAVOLU. 2008. Power, community mobilization, and condom use practices among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. AIDS. 22(5), pp.109-116.
BRACHER, Michael, Gigi SANTOW, and Susan Cotts WATKINS. 2004. Assessing the Potential of Condom Use to Prevent the Spread of HIV: A Microsimulation Study. Studies in Family Planning. 35(1), pp.48-64.
DE LA TORRE, Adela, Arthur HAVENNER, Katherine ADAMS, and Justin NG. 2010. Premium Sex: Factors Influencing the Negotitated Price of Unprotected Sex by Female Sex Workers in Mexico. Journal of Applied Economics. 13(1), pp.67-90.
DIEZ-ROUX, Ana V. 1998. Bringing Context Back into Epidemiology: Variables and Fallacies in Multilevel Analysis. American Joumal of Public Health. 88(2), pp.216-222.
EATON, Lisa A., Seth C. KALICHMAN, and Chauncey CHERRY. 2010. Sexual Partner Selection and HIV Risk Reduction Among Black and White Men Who Have Sex With Men. American Journal of Public Health. 100(3), pp.503-511.
FERNANDEZ, Mario. 2015. La distribución gratuita de condones a trabajadoras sexuales en Ecuador: efectos en el comportamiento de compra. Revista Chilena de Salud Pública. 19(2), pp.21-29.
FRYE, Victoria, Mary H. LATKA, Beryl KOBLIN et al. 2006. The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 83(2), pp.308 - 325.
GAFFEO, Edoardo. 2003. The Economics of HIV/AIDS: A Survey. Development Policy Review. 21(1), pp.27-49.
GUTIERREZ, Juan Pablo, Diana MOLINA-YEPEZ, Fiona SAMUELS, and Stefano Michele BERTOZZI. 2006. Uso inconsistente del condón entre trabajadoras sexuales en Ecuador: resultados de una encuesta de comportamientos. Salud Pública de México. 48(2), pp.104-114.
INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE. 2006. Key indicators for Frontiers Prevention Project: Report on baseline study in Andhra Pradesh, India.
JAMISON, Dean T., Joel G. BREMAN, and Anthony R. MEASHAM. 2006. Priorities in Health: Disease Control Priorities Companion Volume. Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.
KOENING, Michael A., Mian Bazle HOSSAIN, and Maxine WHITTAKER. 1997. The Influence of Quality of Care upon Contraceptive Use in Rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning. 28(4), pp.278-289.
LIPPMAN, Sheri A., Angela DONINI, Juan DIAZ et al. 2010. Social-Environmental Factors and Protective Sexual Behavior Among Sex Workers: The Encontros Intervention in Brazil. American Journal of Public Health. 100(1).
MACALUSO, Maurizio, Michael J. DEMAND, Lynn M. ARTZ, and Edward W. HOOK III. 2000. Partner type and condom use. AIDS. 14, pp.537-546.
OUTWATER, Anne, Lucy NKYA, George LWIHULA et al. 2000. Patterns of Partnership and Condom Use in Two Communities of Female Sex Workers in Tanzania. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS CAre. 11(4), pp.46-54.
OVER, Mead. 1999. The Public Interest in a Private Disease: An Economic Perspective on the Government Role in STD and HIV Control. In: King K. HOLMES, P. Frederick SPARLING, Per-Anders MARCH et al., (eds). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, New York: McGraw Hill.
SHANNON, Date, Steffanie A. STRATHDEE, Jean SHOVELLER et al. 2009. Structural and Environmental Barriers to Condom Use Negotiation With Clients Among Female Sex Workers: Implications for HIV-Prevention Strategies and Policy. American Journal of Public Health. 99(4), pp.659-666.
STEPHENSON, Rob, Andy BEKE, and Delphin TSHIBANGU. 2008. Contextual influences on contraceptive use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Health & Place. 14, pp.841-852.
STEPHENSON, Rob and Amy ONG TSUI. 2002. Contextual Influences on Reproductive Health Service Use in Uttar Pradesh, India. Studies in Family Planning. 33(4), pp.309-320.
STOEBENAU, Kirsten, Michelle J. HINDIN, Constance A. NATHANSON et al. 2009.". But Then He Became My Sipa": The Implications of Relationship Fluidity for Condom Use Among Women Sex Workers in Antananarivo, Madagascar. American Journal of Public Health. 99(5), pp.811-821.
TREMBLAY, Carol Horton and Davina C. LING. 2005. AIDS education, condom demand, and the sexual activity of American youth. Health Economics. 14, pp.851-867.
WOOLDRIDGE, Jeffrey M. 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2nd Edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
BABATUNDE, Musibau Adentunji. 2010. Economic Analysis of the Demand for Male Condoms and Implication for the Prevalence of HIVIAIDS in Nigeria. Pakistan Joumal of Social Sciences. 7(2), pp.90-96.
BLANKENSHIP, Kim M., Brooke S. WEST, Trace S. KERSHAW, and Monica R. BIRADAVOLU. 2008. Power, community mobilization, and condom use practices among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India. AIDS. 22(5), pp.109-116.
BRACHER, Michael, Gigi SANTOW, and Susan Cotts WATKINS. 2004. Assessing the Potential of Condom Use to Prevent the Spread of HIV: A Microsimulation Study. Studies in Family Planning. 35(1), pp.48-64.
DE LA TORRE, Adela, Arthur HAVENNER, Katherine ADAMS, and Justin NG. 2010. Premium Sex: Factors Influencing the Negotitated Price of Unprotected Sex by Female Sex Workers in Mexico. Journal of Applied Economics. 13(1), pp.67-90.
DIEZ-ROUX, Ana V. 1998. Bringing Context Back into Epidemiology: Variables and Fallacies in Multilevel Analysis. American Joumal of Public Health. 88(2), pp.216-222.
EATON, Lisa A., Seth C. KALICHMAN, and Chauncey CHERRY. 2010. Sexual Partner Selection and HIV Risk Reduction Among Black and White Men Who Have Sex With Men. American Journal of Public Health. 100(3), pp.503-511.
FERNANDEZ, Mario. 2015. La distribución gratuita de condones a trabajadoras sexuales en Ecuador: efectos en el comportamiento de compra. Revista Chilena de Salud Pública. 19(2), pp.21-29.
FRYE, Victoria, Mary H. LATKA, Beryl KOBLIN et al. 2006. The Urban Environment and Sexual Risk Behavior among Men who have Sex with Men. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. 83(2), pp.308 - 325.
GAFFEO, Edoardo. 2003. The Economics of HIV/AIDS: A Survey. Development Policy Review. 21(1), pp.27-49.
GUTIERREZ, Juan Pablo, Diana MOLINA-YEPEZ, Fiona SAMUELS, and Stefano Michele BERTOZZI. 2006. Uso inconsistente del condón entre trabajadoras sexuales en Ecuador: resultados de una encuesta de comportamientos. Salud Pública de México. 48(2), pp.104-114.
INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE. 2006. Key indicators for Frontiers Prevention Project: Report on baseline study in Andhra Pradesh, India.
JAMISON, Dean T., Joel G. BREMAN, and Anthony R. MEASHAM. 2006. Priorities in Health: Disease Control Priorities Companion Volume. Washington D.C.: World Bank Publications.
KOENING, Michael A., Mian Bazle HOSSAIN, and Maxine WHITTAKER. 1997. The Influence of Quality of Care upon Contraceptive Use in Rural Bangladesh. Studies in Family Planning. 28(4), pp.278-289.
LIPPMAN, Sheri A., Angela DONINI, Juan DIAZ et al. 2010. Social-Environmental Factors and Protective Sexual Behavior Among Sex Workers: The Encontros Intervention in Brazil. American Journal of Public Health. 100(1).
MACALUSO, Maurizio, Michael J. DEMAND, Lynn M. ARTZ, and Edward W. HOOK III. 2000. Partner type and condom use. AIDS. 14, pp.537-546.
OUTWATER, Anne, Lucy NKYA, George LWIHULA et al. 2000. Patterns of Partnership and Condom Use in Two Communities of Female Sex Workers in Tanzania. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS CAre. 11(4), pp.46-54.
OVER, Mead. 1999. The Public Interest in a Private Disease: An Economic Perspective on the Government Role in STD and HIV Control. In: King K. HOLMES, P. Frederick SPARLING, Per-Anders MARCH et al., (eds). Sexually Transmitted Diseases, New York: McGraw Hill.
SHANNON, Date, Steffanie A. STRATHDEE, Jean SHOVELLER et al. 2009. Structural and Environmental Barriers to Condom Use Negotiation With Clients Among Female Sex Workers: Implications for HIV-Prevention Strategies and Policy. American Journal of Public Health. 99(4), pp.659-666.
STEPHENSON, Rob, Andy BEKE, and Delphin TSHIBANGU. 2008. Contextual influences on contraceptive use in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Health & Place. 14, pp.841-852.
STEPHENSON, Rob and Amy ONG TSUI. 2002. Contextual Influences on Reproductive Health Service Use in Uttar Pradesh, India. Studies in Family Planning. 33(4), pp.309-320.
STOEBENAU, Kirsten, Michelle J. HINDIN, Constance A. NATHANSON et al. 2009.". But Then He Became My Sipa": The Implications of Relationship Fluidity for Condom Use Among Women Sex Workers in Antananarivo, Madagascar. American Journal of Public Health. 99(5), pp.811-821.
TREMBLAY, Carol Horton and Davina C. LING. 2005. AIDS education, condom demand, and the sexual activity of American youth. Health Economics. 14, pp.851-867.
WOOLDRIDGE, Jeffrey M. 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2nd Edition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.